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  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></li></ul></div></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>NGINX</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/backend/nginx/" class="sidebar-link">首页</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/built-in-variables.html" class="sidebar-link">内置变量</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/configurin-systemd-service-for-nginx.html" class="sidebar-link">为 Nginx 配置 systemd 服务</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/explain-the-main-configuration-file-of-nginx.html" class="active sidebar-link">粗解配置文件</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/backend/nginx/explain-the-main-configuration-file-of-nginx.html#配置格式" class="sidebar-link">配置格式</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/backend/nginx/explain-the-main-configuration-file-of-nginx.html#nginx-conf" class="sidebar-link">nginx.conf</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/backend/nginx/explain-the-main-configuration-file-of-nginx.html#default-conf" class="sidebar-link">default.conf</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/install-goaccess.html" class="sidebar-link">可视化 access 日志</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/install-nginx.html" class="sidebar-link">安装 Nginx</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/limit-module.html" class="sidebar-link">限制模块</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/location-rules.html" class="sidebar-link">location 规则</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/master-slave-nginx.html" class="sidebar-link">主从 Nginx</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/nginx-basic-operation.html" class="sidebar-link">Nginx 基本操作</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/nginx-upstream.html" class="sidebar-link">反向代理与负载均衡</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/proxy-pass-rules.html" class="sidebar-link">proxy_pass 规则</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/referer-module.html" class="sidebar-link">防盗链</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/rewrite-rules.html" class="sidebar-link">rewrite 规则</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/the-difference-between-root-and-alias.html" class="sidebar-link">root 与 alias 区别</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/upgrade-http-to-https.html" class="sidebar-link">升级 HTTP 至 HTTPS</a></li><li><a href="/backend/nginx/websocket-proxy.html" class="sidebar-link">websocket 反向代理</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h2 id="配置格式"><a href="#配置格式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 配置格式</h2> <p>基本的 Nginx 文件由若干个部分组成，每个部分都是通过下列的方法定义的。</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>section<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>directive<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>parameters<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>；
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>大括号实际上表示一个新上下文（context），需要注意的是，每一个指令行需要使用 <code>;</code> 来进行结束。</p> <h2 id="nginx-conf"><a href="#nginx-conf" class="header-anchor">#</a> nginx.conf</h2> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">cat</span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
</code></pre></div><p>获取内容如下：</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 配置 worker 进程的用户和组，默认是 nginx</span>
user  nginx<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment"># Nginx 进程，一般设置为和 CPU 核数一致，示例的阿里云学生机为 1 核</span>
worker_processes  <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment"># 错误日志存放目录，指令的第二个参数表示被记录错误的级别</span>
<span class="token comment"># 错误级别：debug、info、notice、warn、error 等</span>
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment"># 设置记录主进程 ID 的文件</span>
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

events <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		<span class="token comment"># 单个进程最大并发数</span>
    worker_connections  <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment"># 主要配置文件</span>
http <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		<span class="token comment"># 文件扩展名与类型映射表</span>
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 默认文件类型</span>
    default_type  application/octet-stream<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token comment"># 设置日志格式：访问地址-访问用户-本地事件-请求</span>
    log_format  main  <span class="token string">'<span class="token variable">$remote_addr</span> - <span class="token variable">$remote_user</span> [<span class="token variable">$time_local</span>] &quot;<span class="token variable">$request</span>&quot; '</span>
                      <span class="token string">'<span class="token variable">$status</span> <span class="token variable">$body_bytes_sent</span> &quot;<span class="token variable">$http_referer</span>&quot; '</span>
                      <span class="token string">'&quot;<span class="token variable">$http_user_agent</span>&quot; &quot;<span class="token variable">$http_x_forwarded_for</span>&quot;'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

		<span class="token comment"># 访问日志</span>
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

		<span class="token comment"># 直接复制数据从一个文件到另一个文件描述符</span>
    sendfile        on<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 仅依赖于 sendfile 的使用</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 在一个数据包中尝试发送响应头，以及在数据包中发送一个完整的文件</span>
    <span class="token comment">#tcp_nopush     on;</span>

		<span class="token comment"># 保持连接的时间（超时时间）</span>
    keepalive_timeout  <span class="token number">65</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		
		<span class="token comment"># 开启 gzip 压缩</span>
    <span class="token comment">#gzip  on;</span>

		<span class="token comment"># 当前文件为 Nginx 主配置文件（入口），控制子配置项位置和文件</span>
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="default-conf"><a href="#default-conf" class="header-anchor">#</a> default.conf</h2> <p>在主配置文件（nginx.conf）中可以看到子配置项所在的目录：</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;</span>
<span class="token comment"># 查看该目录下的文件：</span>
<span class="token function">ls</span> /etc/nginx/conf.d/
<span class="token comment"># default.conf # 默认</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-解析"><a href="#_1-解析" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. 解析</h3> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">cat</span> /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
</code></pre></div><p>获取内容如下：</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 任何由关键字 server 的部分都被称为 “虚拟服务器”</span>
<span class="token comment"># 一个虚拟服务器由 listen 和 server_name 指令组合定义</span>
server <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		<span class="token comment"># 监听端口</span>
    listen       <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 监听域名</span>
    server_name  localhost<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">#charset koi8-r;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;</span>

		<span class="token comment"># location 指令可以用在虚拟服务器 server 部分，并且意味着来自客户端的 URI 或者内部重定向访问</span>
		<span class="token comment"># location 定义： location [modifier] uri {...}</span>
    location / <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    		<span class="token comment"># 服务默认启动目录</span>
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment"># 默认文件格式</span>
        index  index.html index.htm<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">#error_page  404              /404.html;</span>

    <span class="token comment"># redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html</span>
    <span class="token comment">#</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 错误状态码对应的页面</span>
    error_page   <span class="token number">500</span> <span class="token number">502</span> <span class="token number">503</span> <span class="token number">504</span>  /50x.html<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment"># 对应页面的路径</span>
    location <span class="token operator">=</span> /50x.html <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment"># proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80</span>
    <span class="token comment">#</span>
    <span class="token comment">#location ~ \.php$ {</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#}</span>

    <span class="token comment"># pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000</span>
    <span class="token comment">#</span>
    <span class="token comment">#location ~ \.php$ {</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    root           html;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    fastcgi_index  index.php;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    include        fastcgi_params;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#}</span>

    <span class="token comment"># deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root</span>
    <span class="token comment"># concurs with nginx's one</span>
    <span class="token comment">#</span>
    <span class="token comment">#location ~ /\.ht {</span>
    <span class="token comment">#    deny  all;</span>
    <span class="token comment">#}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2020年3月17日星期二下午2点47分</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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